• br Methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-07-29

  

  Methods Results Discussion Conclusion The in vivo pEC50 for NEFA release in the rat was derived for 12 GPR81/GPR109A agonists, including the historically well-known nicotinic acid. By integrating in vitro cell assay potency data for both receptors, these in vivo pEC50 values could be rea

• ONO-5046 br Results br Discussion Cell contact mediated spre

  2022-07-29

  

  Results Discussion Cell-contact-mediated spread of HIV-1 has been estimated to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient compared to passive dissemination of particles through the extracellular milieu. Thus, this form of viral transmission can have significant effects on the pathogenesi

• Limited efforts were made to

  2022-07-29

  

  Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally-occurring antigen-specific Treg for ex vivo expansion. This study sets up a reproducible protocol for the expansion of insulin-specific Treg isolated from NOD mice. These Valproic acid receptor exhibited higher suppressive capacity compared to the p

• The results of our study indicate the general

  2022-07-29

  

  The results of our study indicate the general importance of the gp120 V3 loop EZ Cap Reagent AG receptor patch in the subunit association of primate immunodeficiency virus Env trimers. Our observation that the stem insertion mutants and hydrophobic patch mutants exhibit similar phenotypes with resp

• In contrast to short term effects long term exposure of

  2022-07-29

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty KPT-330 oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [

• Previous studies have suggested that

  2022-07-29

  

  Previous studies have suggested that GPR40 protects from bone loss via inhibition of osteoclasts. Wittrant et al. used GPR40 knock-out mice and primary osteoclasts to investigate the role of GPR40 on bone remodelling. Their results in primary osteoclast cultures and the RAW264.7 cell line showed tha

• pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily

  2022-07-29

  

  pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily in cell culture rather than in situ. Two HCO3−-dependent transporters, NBC and Na+-driven Cl-HCO3 exchange (NDCBE), have been described [10,16], in addition to Cl-HCO3 anion exchange (AE) [96]. Culture studies indicate that NHE is the principa

• Phylogenetic analysis of the secretin like hormones yields p

  2022-07-29

  

  Phylogenetic analysis of the secretin-like hormones yields poorly supported trees due to the short length of their peptide sequences (Dores et al., 1996). However, phylogenetic analyses typically show that the secretin-like peptides encoded by the proglucagon (glucagon, GLP-1 and GLP-2) and GIP leuk

• br Conflict of interest br Transparency document br Acknowle

  2022-07-29

  

  Conflict of interest Transparency document Acknowledgements We acknowledge our funding sources from the American Heart Association (13EIA4480016) and the National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (RO1 HL094414). We are very grateful to Dr. Shaohua Xiao and Dr. S

• br Role of FPRs in

  2022-07-29

  

  Role of FPRs in Cancer Concluding Remarks Activation of FPRs by formylated bacterial peptides or by host-derived mitochondrial peptides is required for local control of infection and wound healing. Nevertheless, various detrimental effects can result from the release of formylated peptides int

• br Molecular aberrations in the

  2022-07-29

  

  Molecular aberrations in the FGFR signaling pathway Non–small cell lung cancer Small cell lung cancer Integrated Candesartan analysis revealed focal amplification of FGFR1 in 6% of SCLC cases. In another study with PD173074, Pardo et al. used two human SCLC xenograft models, H-510 and H-69

• br Fenton reaction based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fe

  2022-07-29

  

  Fenton reaction-based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fenton reaction, H2O2 is converted by Fe2+ or Fe3+ to highly oxidative ROS (Eqs. (1) and (2)), which is commonly used to catalyze the degradation of refractory organics [34]. Since the tumor microenvironment is characterized by low acidity an

• Apoptosis via Fas FasL system

  2022-07-29

  

  Apoptosis via Fas/FasL system has been evidenced to play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34]. Along with these, Fas/FasL system has an important role in progressive renal disease and organ rejection in renal, cardiac and liver transplanta

• br Declarations of interest br Founding information

  2022-07-29

  

  Declarations of interest Founding information This work was partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan [grant number P03043]; and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [grant number 16H00738 to H.M.] from the Japan Society for the Prom

• The anti platelet functions of ZGR were confirmed by

  2022-07-29

  

  The anti-platelet functions of ZGR were confirmed by the mechanistic studies such as the activation of PKC, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and the expressions of P-selectin and PAC-1. Further, rivaroxaban prolonged the generation of thrombin and reduced the thrombin burst produced in the propagati

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